为研究不同施肥对潮土土壤黏土矿物变化的影响.利用连续进行 39年的长期定位施肥试验,选取1978,1984,1990,1996,2002,2008,2014 年的土壤,采用 X 射线衍射法,分析了各施肥处理黏土矿物相对含量变化,结果表明:长期不同施肥可改变土壤黏土矿物的相对含量.蒙脱石的年际相对含量均高于 CK,呈上升趋势,M1N2 最显著(R2=0.991 80),其次是 M2(R2=0.952 86),伴随时间的推延,高岭石的相对含量 M2N1 降低最显著(R2=0.993 10),其次为 M2N2(R2=0.938 89)、M1N2(R2=0.900 00),且所有处理的高岭石含量均低于 CK.土壤中绿泥石相对含量,有机肥配施氮肥处理较 CK 有所降低,根据 2014 年数据可知,M2N2 降低最明显,降低5个百分点.单施氮肥处理中水云母相对含量随时间的推移呈下降趋势,且N2(R2=0.948 03)低于 N1(R2=0.883 27),单施有机肥及有机肥配施氮肥水云母相对含量逐年提高,M2N2 最高(R2=0.971 26),其次是 M1N2(R2=0.903 18)、M2N1(R2=0.890 89),表明有机肥有利于水云母的生成.长期单施氮肥造成钾素缺失,水云母矿物层间的非交换性钾不断释放,形成蒙脱石-水云母混层的相对含量也随时间的推移呈上升趋势.%Using the 39 years long term fertilization experiment,the soil in the year of 1978,1984,1990,1996,2002,2008 and 2014 were studied.The effect of different fertilization on the soil clay mineral in the soil was studied by X ray diffraction.The changes of relative contents of clay minerals in different fertilization treatments were analyzed,and the results showed that the relative contents of clay minerals could be changed by long-term fertilization.Relative content of the interannual variability of the montmorillonite was higher than that of CK,assumes the trend of escalation,the results most significant (R2=0.991 80),followed by M2 (R2=0.952 86),with the time delay,kaolinite and the relative content of M2N1 decreased most significantly (R2=0.993 10),then M2N2(R2=0.938 89),results M1N2(R2=0.900 00),and kaolinite content of all treatments were lower than CK.Soil relative content of chlorite,organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer treatment compared with CK decreased,according to 2014 showed that,M2N2 decreased the most obvious and 5 percentage points.Single application of N fertilizer treatment hydromica relative content was declined with the passage of time,and N2 (R2=0.948 03) less than N1 (R2=0.883 27),single application of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer application of nitrogen fertilizer in mica relative content increased year by year,M2N2 highest (R2=0.971 26) followed by the results (R2=0.903 18),M2N1 (R2=0.890 89) that organic fertilizer was conducive to the formation of mica.Long-term single application of nitrogen fertilizer caused by lack of potassium,hydromica mineral layer of non exchangeable potassium continue to release,montmorillonite hydromica the formation of mixed layer relative content also with the passage of time showed a rising trend.
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