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首页> 中文期刊> 《作物学报》 >近35年湖北省低丘平原区玉米需水量及旱涝时空变化

近35年湖北省低丘平原区玉米需水量及旱涝时空变化

         
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摘要

利用湖北省低丘平原区8个长期基准气象台站35年(1980—2014)气象资料,对湖北省不同区域春玉米、夏玉米及秋玉米的需水量、旱涝发生频率及其年际变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明玉米各生育阶段需水量区域间差异较小,而不同种植季玉米间差异较大.秋玉米需水量显著低于春玉米和夏玉米,春玉米需水量与夏玉米相近,且三季玉米的需水量随年份呈显著下降趋势,尤其是以鄂中地区需水量下降最多,平均达-18.62 mm(10a)–1.鄂北、鄂中及鄂东南区域三季玉米播种-拔节阶段均以发生涝灾为主,其中重涝发生频率较高;鄂北及鄂中地区三季玉米拔节-完熟期主要以发生轻度干旱为主,尤其是灌浆期间旱灾发生频率较高;在鄂东南春玉米与夏玉米拔节-吐丝期间涝灾发生频率要高于旱灾,灌浆期间三季玉米均以旱灾较多,尤其是夏玉米与秋玉米旱灾要重于春玉米.各地区三季玉米不同生育时期旱涝年际变化趋势不显著.从降低旱涝胁迫风险考虑,建议鄂北地区主要发展夏玉米、鄂中及鄂东南地区主要发展春玉米,适当控制秋玉米面积;三季玉米拔节前均要注意防涝,拔节后注意防旱.%Based on 35-year (1980-2014) meteorological data from eight benchmark long-term meteorological stations in low hilly plain area of Hubei province, we analyzed the temporal-spatial variation in water requirement and frequency of drought and waterlogging disasters in different growing stages of spring, summer and autumn maize in northern, central and southeastern re-gions of Hubei province. The water requirement at each growth stage of a certain maize season was similar among the three re-gions, but much different among maize seasons. The water requirement was obviously lower in autumn maize than in spring and summer maize, and similar between spring maize and summer maize. Maize water requirement in three production regions showed a significant downward trend in the process of year by year, especially in the area of central region, with a climate ten-dency rate of -18.62 mm (10a)–1. The maize in three planting seasons could easily encounter waterlogging during the period from sowing to jointing in each production region, with a higher occurrence frequency of heavy waterlogging. Light drought mainly occurred during the period from jointing to maturity in maize in three planting seasons in northern and central Hubei, whereas heavy drought occurred during maize grain filling period. In the region of southeastern Hubei, waterlogging occurrence frequency was higher than that of drought from jointing to silking in spring and summer maize. However, drought easily came up during grain filling period of maize in three planting seasons, especially summer maize and autumn maize met more frequent drought than spring maize in this period. The interannual variation of drought and waterlogging at different maize growth stages of three planting seasons in each region was not significant. Considering the mitigation in drought and waterlogging impact, it is recom-mended to preferentially develop summer maize in northern region, and spring maize in central and southeastern regions of Hubei province. Meanwhile, our study suggests that in production we should prevent waterlogging before maize jointing and drought after maize jointing in low hilly plain area of Hubei province.

著录项

  • 来源
    《作物学报》 |2017年第10期|1536-1547|共12页
  • 作者

    何俊欧; 凌霄霞; 张建设; 张萌; 马迪; 孙梦; 刘永忠; 展茗; 赵明;

  • 作者单位

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    湖北省农业技术推广总站,湖北武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京 100081;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉 430070;

    中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京 100081;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    玉米; 需水量; 水分盈亏指数; 旱涝频率; 年际变化趋势;

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