行粒数是玉米重要的产量构成性状之一,对其遗传机理进行深入研究具有重要的理论和现实意义.本研究以吉林省80份核心玉米自交系作为关联群体,于2014年和2015年分别在吉林省长春和梅河口进行行粒数测定.同时利用第2代测序技术对关联群体进行全基因组重测序,获得的SNP标记用于后续分析.结果显示,不同环境下玉米行粒数表型性状变异范围在12.0～41.6之间,遗传力为36.4％.关联分析结果共得到19个与玉米行粒数显著关联的SNP标记,其中位于染色体框2.04和3.08的两个标记在2015年长春和梅河口均被检测到,14个SNP标记位于前人已定位到的QTL置信区间内.在显著性SNP标记的连锁不平衡区域内挖掘出4个候选基因,分别预测编码泛素化目标受体蛋白、金属依赖性磷酸水解酶、重金属转运/解毒蛋白及一个无特征功能的假定蛋白,可能与玉米行粒数的发育形成密切相关.%Kernel number per row in maize is a significant trait in determining yield components and it has great significance to study its genetic mechanism. This report studied 80 Jilin maize inbred lines in field experiments at Jilin Changchun and Jilin Meihekou, and measured kernel number per row in 2014 and 2015. At the same time, whole-genome resequencing was performed for the association population using second generation sequencing technology, and the obtained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were used for subsequent analysis. The results revealed that the range of phenotypic traits of kernel number per row was from 12.0 to 41.6 and the broad-sensed heritability was 70.5％ in four environments. A total of 19 SNP markers signifi-cantly associated with kernel number per row were detected by a genome-wide association study. Of these, two markers located at bins 2.04 and 3.08 of chromosome frame were detected in the experiments at Changchun and Meihekou in 2015, respectively, and 14 SNP markers located within the quantitative trait loci had been previously mapped. Four candidate genes, such as the genes encoding the receptor for ubiquitination targets protein, metal dependent phosphohydrolase, heavy metal transport/detoxification protein and putative protein with no characteristic function, were identified from the range of linkage disequilibrium of the sig-nificant SNP makers and predicted that they were closely associated to the development of the kernel number per row.
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