The action reliability is an important factor which must be considered in the design of mechanisms,and is a key index to evaluate the quality of a system.The main parameters influencing ejection action reliability are determined,and a rigid ejection reliability analysis and design process of automatic rifles is set up.A simplified virtual prototype model of rigid ejection action reliability is established.The simulated results show that the position of ejector,the backplate position of ejection port and the ejection velocity are the dominant factors which have effect on ejection action reliability;as the ejection velocity is high enough,gravity has less effect on ejection action reliability.A method to determine the position of ejector is presented,and the calculational equations are established for location dimension of ejection port.An adjustable backplate of ejection port mechanism is designed to test in the shooting experiment.The experimental results are consistent with the simulated results.It shows that the validity and suitability of the proposed method are verified.%动作可靠性是机构设计中必须考虑的重要因素,也是衡量系统质量好坏的关键指标.为研究自动步枪抛壳机构的动作可靠性,确立了影响抛壳动作可靠性的主要影响参数,建立了一套自动步枪刚性抛壳可靠性分析与设计流程.构建了刚性抛壳动作可靠性简化虚拟样机模型,通过仿真表明抛壳挺位置、抛壳窗后挡板位置和抛壳速度是影响抛壳动作可靠性的主导因素;自动机速度足够大时,重力对抛壳动作可靠性的影响较小;给出了抛壳挺位置确定方法,确立了抛壳窗定位尺寸的取值方程,为自动步枪结构设计提供了参考和依据.还设计了一套可调节抛壳窗后挡板位置的装置并进行射击实验,实验结果与动作可靠性仿真结果一致,表明该方法有效性和适用性较好,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值.
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