叶绿体是绿色植物特有的细胞器,其基因组信息被广泛应用于植物系统发育和比较基因组学研究.目前,越来越多的物种有了叶绿体全基因组序列,人们对叶绿体基因组的结构及其变异规律有了更深入的了解.该文对近年来国内外有关被子植物叶绿体基因组插入/缺失、短片段倒位与重复、基因组结构重排以及基因丢失等结构变异式样的研究进展进行综述,并分析了叶绿体基因组结构研究中仍存在的问题以及该领域未来的发展趋势.%Chloroplasts are the photosynthetic organ of green plants. The complete sequences of the chloroplast genomes of flowering plants have provided fresh impetus to phylogenetic reconstruction and evolution of flowering plants. Recently the number of the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes increased sharply and the advances in chloroplast genome evolution have revolutionized our understanding of the structural mutations and reorganizations of the chloroplast genomes. This paper summarized the recent discoveries of the structural diversity of the chloroplast genomes of flowering plants. Due to the emphases of chloroplast genome sequencing on the systematically key node species,genomic data of many major taxonomic groups are still unavailable. Such gaps need to be bridged for a better understanding the evolution of both the chloroplast genomes and the flowering plants.
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