After a brief account on the study of plant architecture,this paper,taking Fagus sylvatica L. as an example,illustrates the method,steps and significance for analyses of plant architecture and morphological diversity.Fagus sylvatica L.belong to the Troll architectural model.The difference in morphology,anatomy,physiology and genetic diversity among different species and among the populations of a species in different ecological conditions were significant for Fagus sylvatica L.Although the morphology were mainly controlled by genetic characteristics in Fagus sylvatica L.,ecological conditions could strongly influence their morphological and genetic diversity.In the architectural analyses for plants,the first step is to determine which architectural model a plant belongs to,the second step is to analyze the relationship between morphological diversity of the plant and ecological conditions,then further analyze the genetic diversity of the plant.%通过对植物构件和构筑型的分析，可以了解植物的整体结构与系统演化关系。高等植物构筑型的研究以树木最为深入，植物学家对全球的树木进行了构筑模式的分类，并确定了23个基本的构筑类型。植物的构筑型和其形态的多样性是密不可分的。构筑类型确定了植物所属的整体形态类型，而对每种植物具体的形态多样性分析可以深入了解每种构筑型的数量特征及其形成过程。在概述了树木构筑型研究的基础上，系统说明了欧洲水青冈构筑型和形态多样性分析的步骤和分析的意义。水青冈属(Fagus)为Troll型构筑模式，处于不同生态条件下的同一种的不同种群之间，在形态、解剖、生理和遗传多样性方面都存在着差异。树木的形态多样性虽然主要受遗传因素的控制，但生态条件对其形态和遗传多样性也有非常显著的影响。在对树木进行构筑型分析时，首先要根据构筑要素(主要是形态与生长特性)确定它所属的构筑模式类型，其次是分析它的形态特征与环境条件的关系，进而进一步分析其遗传多样性。
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