In order to investigate the density, distribution and seasonal dynamics of mosquito populations in Yongxing Island of Sansha City, mosquitoes were collected with methods of mosquito-lured lamp and artificial biting in four kinds of mosquito-habitats from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 2 030 adult mosquitoes were collected, belonging to 5 species. The Culex quinquefasciatus population were dominant in number. There was statistical significance in the composition ratio of mosquitoes in different habitats by χ2 test. The seasonal growth curves were bimodal type. The annual two density peaks always exist, one from May to June and the other from August to September. Among them, the monitoring density in the annul and the lowest density existing in December (5.58/person·hour). Risk assessment showed that mosquito bites, the risk of harassment would be extremely high risk, and the risk of epidemic encephalitis, yellow fever, chikungunya fever, Zika virus disease, dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever is moderate risk. The annual mosquito density in Yongxing Island of Sansha City is at a relatively high level. Monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the colonization and spread of foreign mosquito-borne diseases in Yongxing Island, Sansha City.%为掌握三沙市永兴岛蚊虫种类构成、密度分布和季节消长情况, 为病媒生物控制提供科学依据, 2016年4月至2017年3月, 采用诱蚊灯和人工叮咬法对永兴岛生活办公区、餐饮区、码头作业区和民工居住区4类监测点开展成蚊监测, 将监测到的成蚊种属鉴定后进行病原体检测.结果共捕获成蚊2 030只,经鉴定隶属3属5种, 优势种为致倦库蚊, 其次为白纹伊蚊、三带喙库蚊、骚扰阿蚊和褐尾库蚊.不同监测点蚊类构成比存在差异, 生活办公区致倦库蚊构成比最高, 民工居住区三带喙库蚊构成比最高.成蚊密度在5、 6月份和8、 9月份各有1个高峰, 12月份蚊虫密度最低 (5.58只/人·小时).风险评估显示蚊类叮咬、骚扰风险为极高风险, 发生流行性乙型脑炎、黄热病、基孔肯雅热、寨卡病毒病、登革热及重症登革热为中等风险.
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