Pyrrole (Py) was oxidized by ferric(III) chloride solution in water for the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles on the substrate slide by in-situ polymerization at room temperature. Zinc oxide nanorods grew on the PPy nanoparticles when in a water bath at 90 °C. ZnO/PPy hetero-nanocomposites were obtained by a hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Gas sensors were fabricated based on the ZnO/PPy hetero-nanocomposites to detect ammonia at room temperature. The gas sensing properties of these hetero-nanocomposites were measured in the concentration range of 10×10-6-150×10-6 (volume fraction). The relationship of the sensitivity of the sensors to the ammonia concentration showed linearity. The gas sensor based on ZnO/PPy hetero-nanocomposites showed good selectivity to ammonia when in the presence of interfering gases such as methanol, acetone, and toluene. The formation mechanism of the ZnO/PPy hetero-nanocomposites was briefly analyzed.%室温下,采用原位聚合法,以吡咯(PY)为单体,氯化铁(FeCl3∙6H2O)为氧化剂,在塑料基片上聚合生长了聚吡咯(PPy)纳米微球。然后在聚吡咯基片上生长ZnO种子,将表面种有ZnO种子的PPy元件置于六次甲基四胺与硝酸锌的混合溶液中,90°C水浴中,在PPy微球上生长了ZnO纳米棒,合成了PPy/ZnO异质纳米复合材料。分别通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对PPy/ZnO异质纳米复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。制备了塑料基的PPy/ZnO异质纳米复合材料气体传感器,在室温下,对10×10-6-150×10-6(体积分数)浓度范围的氨气进行了气敏测试, PPy/ZnO气敏元件对氨气响应的灵敏度基本呈线性关系,且对甲醇、丙酮、甲苯等有机气体表现出很好的选择性。最后,对PPy/ZnO异质纳米复合材料的形成机理进行了简要分析。
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