The surface properties of GCE treated by anodic polarization in strong alkaline solutions are makedly different from that of polished GCE. XPS results show thta more oxygenic groups as carbonyl and accid anhydride are formed on the electrode surface, the ratio of O/C increases, C1s and O1s peaks shift to higher binding energies. Moreover, the adsorptivity of the treated GCE decreases and shows no obvious adsorption for Fe2+ in H2SO4 solution. On the other hand, behaviour of the electrode reaction is also prominently improved. The background current is less, the electron transfer rate is greatly speeded up and the reverse of the electrode reaction for Fe3+/2+, Eu3+/2+ is effectively enhanced for treated GCE.
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