Invasion of a grassland ecosystem by an alien plant usually results in loss of biodiversity,reduced vegetation productivity,and habitat deterioration of the grassland.A better understanding of the eco-physiological characteristics of the invasive plant is crucial for controlling these plant species effectively.As cutting is a commonly chosen method for controlling invasive plants both in China and elsewhere,this article reviews the eco-physiological patterns and mechanisms whereby invasive plants respond to defoliation.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Defoliated invasive plants tend to adopt a compensatory photosynthesis pattern to ensure or improve their photosynthetic capacity.(2) A powerful stem/leaf regenerative ability of defoliated invasive plants can compensate rapidly for the loss of photosynthetic organs and above-ground biomass.(3) Change in the microbial community structure of soil after defoliation is more beneficial to the growth of defoliated invasive plants than to the native vegetation.(4) The defoliated invasive plants are able to utilize more efficient and diversified resource allocation strategies than the native vegetation to promote their regeneration.(5) A greater energy is distribution to the reproductive organs can help defoliated invasive plants maintain their population stability.(6) The tolerance to defoliation differs depending on the developmental stage of the invasive plant.Based on the above findings,we also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of cutting as a control treatment and make suggestions for controlling invasive plants using this method.In particular,researchers should focus on identifying the molecular mechanisms used by invasive plants to respond to defoliation,and on how invasive plants respond to global changes in the grazing rangeland,so as to develop efficient scientific methods for their control.%外来植物对草地生态系统的入侵会导致草地生物多样性降低、植被生产力下降、生态环境日趋恶化等严重后果,要想有效防治草地入侵植物,深入了解其生理生态特性十分关键.根据国内外利用刈割这一常规管理方法控制草地入侵植物的现状,对草地入侵植物响应枝叶去除处理的模式与机理相关研究展开综述,并得出以下主要结论:(1)草地入侵植物倾向于利用补偿性光合作用模式保证和提高其光合作用能力;(2)通过快速的茎叶再生机制来补偿光合器官和地上生物量的损失;(3)改变土壤微生物群落结构使其更有利于入侵植物的生长;(4)入侵植物利用高效和多样化的资源分配策略促进再生;(5)入侵植物将更多能量优先分配到繁殖器官以维持种群稳定;(6)草地入侵植物在不同发育阶段对枝叶去除的耐受性差异较大.并且,本研究对刈割控制草地入侵植物的优势与不足进行了简要分析,并提出了三点防治草地入侵植物的具体建议.此外,建议在今后的相关研究中,研究者应重点考虑草地入侵植物响应枝叶去除的分子机理,以及放牧草地入侵植物对全球变化的响应机制,以巩固与拓展科学高效防治草地入侵植物的理论基础.
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