Objective To evalute the variation of fasting serum Pentraxin 3( PTX3) levels and its role in the devel-opment of patients with newly-diagnosed polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods 78 patients and 67 health-y subjects were selected and each group was divided into normal weight subgroup ( PCOS-NW,control-NW) and o-verweight /obese subgroup ( PCOS-OW/OB, control-OW/OB ) according to the body mass index ( BMI ) .Height, weight ,waist circumstance(WC) and hip circumference were measured.Serum PTX3 level,total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein(HDL) ,low-density lipoprotein(LDL), luteinizing hormone(LH), folli-cle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , testosterone ( T ) , fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , postprandial 2 h blood glucose (P2hBG),fasting insulin(FINS) were also measured.BMI,waist-hip ratio(WHR) and homeostasis model assess-ment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) were calculated.Results ①Fasting serum PTX3 levels in PCOS-OW/OB and control-OW/OB were significantly lower than those in PCOS-NW and control-NW ( P <0.05 , P<0.01 );②Fasting serum PTX3 level was found correlated negatively with BMI , FBG, P2hBG, FINS and HOMA-IR ( P <0.05 );③Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that FBG was the influencing factor of serum PTX 3 level;④Binary logistic regression analysis showed that PTX 3 was the protective factor of PCOS .Conclusion The serum PTX3 level may play a very important role in the development of PCOS .Lower PTX3 level may be a risk fac-tor in the development of PCOS .%目的检测初诊多囊卵巢综合征（ PCOS）患者空腹血清Pentraxin3（ PTX3）水平，探讨其在PCOS发生发展中的可能作用。方法选取78例PCOS患者（ PCOS组）和67例健康体检者（对照组），两组按体质指数（ BMI ）分为体重正常（ PCOS-NW，对照-NW）亚组和超重／肥胖（ PCOS-OW／OB，对照-OW／OB）亚组。测量身高、体重、腰围（ WC ）、臀围。测定各组空腹血清 PTX3水平、总胆固醇（ TC ）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、睾酮（T）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（P2hBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）；计算BMI、腰臀比（WHR）、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果①PCOS组和对照组中OW／OB组PTX3水平均低于NW组（ P＜0.05，P＜0.01）；② Pearson相关性分析显示空腹血清PTX3水平与BMI、FBG、P2hBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关性（ P＜0.05）；③多元回归分析结果显示影响PTX3水平的重要因素是FBG；④二分类Logistic回归分析显示PTX3是P-COS发生的保护因素。结论 PTX3可能参与了PCOS的发生，低水平的PTX3可能是PCOS发生发展中的危险因素。
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