针对五轴数控加工的飞机蒙皮、骨架等零部件上的装配连接孔快速、精确检测需求,设计并开发了一套在机视觉检测系统.通过在五轴数控机床上集成自主研发的连接孔专用视觉检测传感器,根据离线规划的程序控制机床带动视觉传感器到达每个预定位置和角度,对各个连接孔拍摄图像;在机检测软件通过并行处理机制对连接孔图像精确提取与定位,完成连接孔的非接触快速检测.阐述了系统的工作流程和软、硬件结构,并对其中的系统参数标定、检测数控代码生成和连接孔加工质量评价等关键技术作了详细讨论.对实际航空零部件的现场实测结果表明,研发的在机视觉检测系统测量效率达到5s/孔,重复测量精度达到0.01mm,能够满足分布于复杂自由曲面上的大量小尺寸连接孔的高效率、高精度检测需求.%For the needs of quick and accurate inspection of assembly connection holes on skin, skeleton and other aircraft parts, an on-machine vision inspection system was designed and developed. A specifically developed vision sensor is installed on the moving end of the five-axis CNC machine tool. According to the inspection path programed offline, the machine tool carried the vision sensor to each pre-determined position to grab image of each connection hole. The systemsoftware extracted and located the actual information of the connection holes from the image in a parallel processing way.An error evaluation procedure was developed in the software to finally complete the non-contact rapid connection holeinspection. The work flow, software and hardware architecture of the system were introduced. The key techniques such asthe calibration of system parameters, the generation of NC inspection codes and the error evaluation method were discussedin detail. The inspection results of actual aircraft parts demonstrate that the efficiency of the developed on-machine vision inspection system is as high as 5s/hole, and the precision is about 0.01mm. It well satisfies the inspection requirements oflarge quantity of small size connection holes distributed on complex surfaces.
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