通过田间定位试验,探讨不同降水年型下氮磷配施对冬小麦产量形成及水分利用的影响,为改善麦田水分状况,建立与水分条件相适应的肥料组合模式提供依据.结果表明:(1)试验条件下,与对照处理相比,高氮高磷处理产量及水分利用效率均较高,平水年和干旱年的产量分别较对照增加68.37%和62.95%;水分利用效率分别较对照增加36.72%和31.21%,与对照及低氮高磷处理间差异显著;(2)不同降水年型下,4种氮磷配施处理对叶重、秸秆重、籽粒重和千粒重的影响基本呈现高氮处理>低氮处理>对照的趋势,4种氮磷配施比对籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响基本一致,即高氮高磷>高氮低磷>低氮低磷>低氮高磷>对照.在不同降水年型下,合理施肥可显著提高冬小麦干物质积累及产量,同时有效促进水分的利用效率,高氮处理下尤为显著.%Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of combined application of fertilizer N and P on wheat yield and water use efficiency in different years of precipitation. Purpose of the study was to provide a theoreti-cal basis of the combined fertilizer application model suitable to soil water conditions for the improvement of soil water in wheat yield. Results showed that (1) under the experimental conditions, both yield and water use efficiency with high N and P treatments were the highest in contrast to control treatment (CK). Wheat yield was increased by 68.37％ and 62.95％ in drought year and normal year and water use efficiency, 36.72％ and 31.21％, respectively. (2)In different years of precipitation, the treatments had the order of high N > low N > CK for all of leaf weight, corn straw weight, grain weight and 1000-grain weight. The five different treatments, for grain yield and water use efficiency, were in the order of high N and high P > high N and low P > low N and low P > low N and high P > CK. In different years of precipitation,rational fertilization can significantly increase wheat dry matter accumulation and yield and effectively improve water use efficiency as well. In high N treatment, the result was especially prominent.
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