The influence and harm of the alkali metals and zinc in blast furnace were discussed considering the actual production situations relating to Ansteel and other iron and steel enterprises. Then according to the chemical test results of raw materials and fuels charged into the blast furnace, furnace slag and mill dust as well as the statistical results of the load of alkali and zinc in blast furnace and the balance between them, the distribution of the alkali and zinc in blast furnace and their causes and effects in the blast furnace were clear. In addition the reaction and circulation process of the alkali metals and zinc in BF were further confirmed based on the thermodynamics analysis of them. Finally the countermeasures for preventing the alkali metals and zinc from the enrichment in blast furnace were proposed.%结合鞍钢及有关企业生产实际，阐述了高炉中碱金属、锌的影响和危害，并通过入炉原燃料、炉渣、粉尘等取样化验及对高炉的碱、锌负荷及收支平衡进行统计，掌握了碱金属和锌在高炉中的分布与来龙去脉，此外结合热力学分析进一步明确了碱金属和锌在高炉内的反应和循环过程，并提出了碱金属和锌富集的预防控制措施。
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