The change of the kidney structure and function caused by hypertension called hypertensive renal injury in the clinical ,main show is arteriolar nephrosclerosis .Actively and steadily control high blood pressure is the key to the treatment of hypertensive renal inju -ry,and modern research found that traditional Chinese medicine can protect and delay or even reverse renal injury caused by hyperten -sion.This article obtains from the modern understanding of hypertensive renal injury ,western medicine diagnosis and syndrome differen-tiation of TCM treatment ,the experience of the old doctor of TCM expanding our understanding ,adding some modern research ,reference for clinical and scientific research workers .%临床上将高血压造成的肾脏结构和功能的改变称为高血压肾损害，主要表现为小动脉性肾硬化。积极稳妥地控制高血压是治疗高血压肾损害的关键，现代研究发现中医药可以保护、延缓甚至逆转高血压造成的肾损害。该文从高血压肾损害的现代认识入手，西医明确诊断，中医辨证治疗，老中医经验扩展认识，并补充部分现代研究，供临床与科研工作者参考。
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