Control of human filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera:Culicidae) through bioactive fraction of Cayratia trifolia leaf

Sumanta Chakraborty; Someshwar Singha; Kuntal Bhattacharya; Goutam Chandra

摘要

Objective:To investigate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (Vitaceae:Vitales) (C. trifolia) which is distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties as vector control is facing threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Methods:Young and mature leaves of C. trifolia were investigated for larvicidal activity against 3rd instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus in different seasons throughout the year. The active fractions were extracted using six different solvents in a non-polar to polar fashion viz petroleum-ether, benzene, chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, absolute alcohol and distilled water. Dose dependent mortality was recorded against each solvent extract. Determination of LD50 and LD90 were executed through log-probit analysis using the most bioactive fraction. The fluctuations in mortality were statistically co-related through ANOVA analyses concerning different seasons and types of leaves as random variables. Justification of larvicidal activity was established through student’s t-test. Costing effects were evaluated on the non-target water fauna under laboratory conditions. Thin layer chromatographic techniques were performed for phytochemical analysis and categorization of chemical personality of the active fractions using the most effective solvent extract following standard methods. Results:Significant variations in mortality rate were noted with respect to the type of leaves (mature and senescence), concentration of leaf extract and between seasons. The water extract among all the solvent extracts was found to induce cent percent mortality at 50 mg/L in test mosquito species within 24 h with a LD50 and LD90 value of 10.70 mg/L and 27.64 mg/L respectively. No significant mortality was recorded in non-target water population. Chromatographic analyses of the water extract revealed the presence of steroids, triterpene glycosides, essential oil, phenolics and diterpenes as secondary phytochemicals. Conclusions:Water extract of C. trifolia leaf promised as a cost effective and potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus.

机译：目的：研究分布在印度许多地区的三叶草（Cayratia trifolia（L.）Domin（Vitaceae：Vitales）（C. trifolia）的蚊虫幼虫活性，因为由于抗药性的出现，病媒控制正面临威胁合成杀虫剂。方法：研究了一年生不同年龄的三叶锦鸡儿的幼叶和成熟叶片对库蚊三龄幼虫的杀幼虫活性。使用六种不同溶剂以非极性至极性方式（即石油醚，苯，氯仿：甲醇（1：1 v / v），丙酮，无水乙醇和蒸馏水）提取活性级分。记录每种溶剂提取物的剂量依赖性死亡率。 LD50和LD90的测定采用对数位概率最高的生物活性成分进行对数分析。通过将不同季节和叶片类型作为随机变量的ANOVA分析，死亡率的波动在统计上相关。通过学生的t检验确定了杀幼虫活动的理由。在实验室条件下，对非目标水生动物评估成本影响。使用最有效的溶剂提取物按照标准方法进行了薄层色谱技术，用于植物化学分析和活性级分的化学特征分类。结果：在叶片类型（成熟和衰老），叶片提取物浓度以及不同季节之间，死亡率存在显着差异。发现所有溶剂提取物中的水提取物在24 h内诱导测试蚊虫在50 mg / L时的死亡率百分比，其LD50和LD90值分别为10.70 mg / L和27.64 mg / L。非目标水人口中没有记录到显着的死亡率。水提取物的色谱分析表明，类固醇，三萜糖苷，精油，酚类和二萜类化合物作为辅助植物化学物质存在。结论：车前子叶片的水提取物有望作为一种经济有效的有效杀幼虫剂来防治西库克斯（Culex quinquefasciatus）。

Control of human filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera:Culicidae) through bioactive fraction of Cayratia trifolia leaf

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