Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic focus of Abraka, Nigeria

Clement Isaac; Igho Benjamin Igbinosa; Duncan Ogheneocovo Umukoro; Dafe Palmer Aitaikuru

摘要

Objective:To investigated the prevalence of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) , a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiens in an endemic focus of Nigeria, as it relates to age, sex and occupational differences. Methods:A total of 474 human subjects were screened using card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis kit. Positive samples were further investigated for parasite positivity in blood/serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results:Of the 474 screened, 44(9.3%) were seropositive with seroprevalence of 22(9.6%) in Urhouka, 14(9.5%) in Umeghe and 8(7.9%) for Ugonu. The number of seropositives, observed for weakly, moderately and strongly positives for the three communities were 4, 7 and 11 in Urhouka, 4, 5 and 5 in Umeghe and 3, 2 and 3 in Ugonu respectively. Among the 16 volunteers with detected parasite in their blood , 4 of them were weakly positive, 5 of them were moderately positive and 7 of them strongly positive. 4 volunteers from Urhouka community were found parasites in their CSF and they were all strongly positive. The difference between the seroprevalence of males and females was not statistically significant (OR=1.14, 95%CI=0.37-3.4, P>0.05). The prevalence difference between age group 21-30 years old and the youngest and oldest age groups was statistically significant (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.08-12.57, P<0.05) but not significant for other age categories (P>0.05). It was observed that farmers had significantly higher prevalence of HAT infection as well as greater risk of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection than inhabitants with other occupations (OR=3.25, 95%CI=0.99-11.79, P<0.05). Conclusions:Human activities such as farming and visits to the river have been identified as major risk factors to HAT. Also the breakdown of HAT control program has been advanced for the rise in HAT in Abraka, an endemic focus in Nigeria.

机译：目的：研究尼日利亚锥虫锥虫（Trypanosoma brucei gambiens）引起的一种被忽视的热带病非洲人锥虫病（HAT）的流行情况，该病与年龄，性别和职业差异有关。方法：采用卡凝集试验检测锥虫病试剂盒，共筛选474名人类受试者。进一步研究了阳性样品在血液/血清和脑脊液（CSF）中的寄生虫阳性。结果：在筛查的474例中，血清阳性为44例（9.3％），其中Urhouka的血清阳性率为22％（9.6％），Umeghe的血清阳性率为14％（9.5％），Ugonu的血清阳性率为8％（7.9％）。观察到的三个社区的弱阳性，中阳性和强阳性的血清反应阳性人数分别为Urhouka的4、7和11，Umeghe的4、5和5，Ugonu的3、2和3。在血液中检测到寄生虫的16名志愿者中，有4名呈弱阳性，有5名呈中度阳性，有7名呈强阳性。在Urhouka社区中有4名志愿者在他们的CSF中发现了寄生虫，而且都呈强阳性。男女血清阳性率差异无统计学意义（OR = 1.14，95％CI = 0.37-3.4，P> 0.05）。 21-30岁年龄段与最小和最大年龄段之间的患病率差异具有统计学意义（OR = 3.5，95％CI = 1.08-12.57，P <0.05），但对于其他年龄段则无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。观察到，与其他职业相比，农民的HAT感染率显着更高，而布鲁氏锥虫的感染风险也更高（OR = 3.25，95％CI = 0.99-11.79，P <0.05）。结论：人类活动，例如耕作和参观河流已被确定为HAT的主要危险因素。 HAT控制程序的细目分类也随着尼日利亚Abraka流行病的增加而进行。

Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic focus of Abraka, Nigeria

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