泡沫铝结构的轻量化与高比吸能的特点,使其成为潜力巨大的汽车吸能材料.本文中探索泡沫铝复合结构在汽车侧面碰撞过程中吸收碰撞能与降低加速度的机理与贡献.首先建立泡沫铝结构的CAE模型,并通过试验获取材料参数,为仿真提供基础数据,接着进行多目标优化,最后以某汽车门槛横梁加装泡沫铝结构来验证其吸能效果.结果表明,优化后的设计方案明显降低了加速度,减小了侵入量,满足了车身轻量化与高吸能的设计要求.%The features of light weight and high specific energy absorption make aluminum foam an ideal energy absorbing material with tremendous potential. In this paper, the mechanism and contribution of aluminum foam composite structure in absorbing crash energy and reducing acceleration are explored. Firstly, a CAE model for aluminum foam composite structure is built, and material parameters are obtained by test, providing basic data for simulation. Then a multi-objective optimization is conducted. Finally the energy absorbing effects are verified using the sill crossbeam of a vehicle with aluminum forms added. The results show that the optimized design scheme markedly lowers acceleration and reduces intrusion, meeting the design requirements of lightweighting and high en-ergy absorption of vehicle body.
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