经济增长理论一直都是经济学家们不断努力研究和探索的领域，而真正能够把自己的主张理论化、体系化的，就要从亚当·斯密的《国富论》算起。从亚当·斯密开创的古典经济学派所提出的经济增长理论到当今盛行的内生增长模型以及制度经济增长模型，经济增长理论经历了不同阶段的发展。与古典经济学派的经济增长理论相比较，马歇尔的经济增长理论最明显的区别之处就是在考虑市场的时候，加入了需求方面的思考，并且在方法论中主要利用了主观主义以及边际分析方法和数学的方法，使人们注意到，生产并不是一切，只有供求平衡才能把具有稀缺性的资源分配到最适宜的地方，做到资源的有效配置。% Economists have put great effort in the research and exploration of economic growth theories, among which Adam Smith first theorizes and systemizes his propositions in The Wealth of Nations. The economic growth theories have gone through various developmen-tal stages from the economic growth theory put forward by the classical economic school initiated by Adam Smith to the prevailed endoge-nous growth model and institutional economic growth model. In comparison with the classical school, the most obvious distinction of Mar-shall's economic growth theory is that it takes into account demand factors while considering market factors. In addition, by using subjec-tivism and marginal analysis and mathematical methods, it proposes that production does not cover everything;only the balance of demand and supply could make scarce resources be distributed in optimum terms, an effective resource allocation.
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