Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)is the pathogenic bacteria that causes one-third of tuberculosis infections globally,but the mechanism of its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated.1 The main pathway by which Mtb infects humans is via the pneogaster;thus,the lung is the main reservoir where Mtb exists.However,Mtb can also infect other human organs.Mtb is an intracellular bacterium of immune cells and,interestingly,it can escape elimination by the host immune system.2 To date,the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccine is the only vaccine that has proved effective and has been approved worldwide.This vaccine was developed by two French scientists,namely,Leon Calmette and Guerin.
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