竹林名士嵇康提出了“越名教而任自然”的玄学命题，其首要倡导的是返朴归真，虽然这种返朴归真只能让人类中某些个体的身心获得解脱与愉悦，无法解救整个人类社会的深重苦难，但其价值却不容轻易否定。通过否定被奸雄们利用的名教礼法，嵇康把握了儒家先哲倡导名教、礼法的真正目的——实现自我的道德完善、止于至善的生命之境。在嵇康看来，善乃是人类心灵的本然要求或者说应有之物，只要心灵未被世俗的贪欲污染，从中自然流溢而出者即为善。嵇康的“越名教而任自然”命题批判了现存的虚伪名教，树立了一个顺乎人天性的本真理想境界，合乎善与美的法则，其笔下的“自然”是融真善美于一体的以生命为最高指归的概念，其目的在于把生命引向自由与超越之境。“越名教而任自然”的命题包含了生命的本真化、向善化和审美化三方面意蕴，是三者的完美统一，代表了魏晋时代人觉醒的最高境界。%Ji Kang, one of the Seven Sages of the bamboo grove, put forward the metaphysical proposition:“Getting over the Confucian ethical code to follow the nature”. Its core concept“returning to the nature”is still valuable, although it can only relieve indivadual��s body and mind, not the whole society. He grasped the real aim of Confucian ethical code——to realize the perfection of morality and life through the denial of ethical code set and utilized by the ambitious scoundrel concerned. In his opinion, the kindness is the natural product of human mind, which can appear in our mind as long as it isn��t polluted by the wordly greed. His proposition criticized the false ethical code and set up an ideal spirit mode which harmonized with human nature, kindness and beauty. The“nature”in his proposition combines the truth, kindness and beauty,and leads life to freedom. The proposition combines three aspects perfectly: life to authenticity, life to kindness and life to beauty, representing the highest level of the waking people of Wei and Jin Dynasties.
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