常规均相催化技术采用酸、碱催化剂进行酯化或酯交换反应制备生物柴油，其工艺对设备腐蚀严重，同时带来大量工业废水，造成严重的环境污染及工业成本的增加。新型催化技术可改进均相催化技术的不足，且具有反应条件温和、产率高和容易实现自动化连续生产等优点，已受到人们的广泛关注。阐述了近年来生物柴油国内外发展趋势及应用，重点介绍了新型生物柴油制备方法，如反应精馏法、催化膜反应器、超声法、微波法、连续催化法及其应用现状的国内外进展。最后，对新型生物柴油制备方法存在的问题及应用前景进行了展望。%The acid and alkali catalysts are used in the traditional homogeneous catalytic technology to prepare biodiesel through the esterification or ester exchange reaction .The process contributes to serious equipment corrosion while bringing a large number of industrial wastewater ,resulting in serious environmental pollution and industrial cost increasing . The new catalysts offer some advantages to homogeneous acid catalysts . T hey are easily automatic continuous production , high yield and under the mild reaction conditions ,w hich have attracted most attention .In this paper ,the development trends and application of biodiesel preparation methods at home and abroad were introduced . The novel biodiesel preparation methods including reactive distillation , catalytic membrane reactor ,ultrasonic method ,microwave method ,continuous catalysis method and their application were discussed .Finally ,some problems deserving further research and the application prospects of new methods for biodiesel preparation were presented .
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