理解中央城镇化发展决策文件提“乡愁”的深义，应建立在梳理中国乡愁传统的基础之上。在传统中国，“乡愁”并非消极体验，而是发生于人们在去乡之后因在他乡获得安身资本的回头一望，是对去乡事实的价值升华。传统中国的“乡愁”发生于城乡一体化的格局框架中。在当代中国，上世纪80年代以来的城乡二元结构使走出农村的人无法在城市获得安身资本，难获生存尊严，“乡愁”的实质是“乡仇”。中央决策文件提出新型城镇化建设要让人“记得住乡愁”，是要通过打破城乡二元结构，构建与过去不同的中国农民去乡模式，使农民真正获得生存尊严并重建地方认同。%Understanding the profound meaning of nostalgia put forward by decision-making document on urbanization development of the central government should establish on the basis of analyzing Chinese nostalgic tradition. In traditional China, “nostalgia” is not negative experience. It happens because people left homes and looked back when they settled down at alien lands; it is value sublimation of leaving homes. Traditional Chinese “nostalgia” happens in the framework of urban and rural integration. In contemporary China, people moved out of the countryside can’t settle down in cities because of the urban-rural dual structure since the 1980s. It is dificult for them to obtain the dignity of existence, so the essence of “nostalgia” is “country hatred”. The decision-making document of the central government put forward that new urbanization construction should remind people of “nostalgia”.
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