Breast cancer is one of the most common and leading cause of the health and life-threatening cancer among women. It has become a global health issue over the past 50 years, and it has been discovered that the incidence has decreased in recent years, but the high death rate that cannot be ignored. Early detection is one of the most effective ways to treat the breast cancer. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play an important role in the early detection of breast cancer, at the same time the application of CAD systems can reduce the death rate of women who suffer from breast cancer. The main purpose of this essay is to provide an overview of recent advances of CAD systems and some related techniques. At first, we detailed the basic concepts and principles related to the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, and then we emphasize on some key CAD techniques which have a wide application prospect in the area of breast cancer detection and diagnosis in recently, including detection of masses, detection of calcifications in Mammograms, detection of bilateral asymmetry, detection of architectural distortion, image enhancement, and image retrieval based on Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR).%乳腺癌是严重影响妇女身心健康甚至危及生命的常见恶性肿瘤之一,近年来已成为全球性健康问题.早期诊断是治疗乳腺癌最有效的方式,计算机辅助诊断系统(Computer-Aided Diagnosis systems,CAD)在乳腺癌的早期检测中承担着重要作用,有效降低了该病的致死率.基于此,针对近年来CAD系统的发展,对与之相关的关键技术及研究进展做了综述,包括:乳腺X线图像肿块检测,乳腺癌微钙化点检测,乳腺双边不对称性检测,乳腺X线图像结构化变形检测,乳腺X线图像增强和复原技术.
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