At first, this study analyzes the fertilizer utilization of Heilongjiang Province from 1985 to 2014, and separates it into four stages by using the cluster analysis, on this basis, the research studies the evolution trends of the fertilizer utilization amount, structure and technology of Heilongjiang Province. The results show that although the intensity of fertilizer utilization of Heilongjiang Province is lower than the average, the fertilizer utilization amount is growing rapidly, fertilizer utilization is ineffective and fertilization technology is traditional and backward. Therefore, this study propounds improving the mode of fertilizer utilization, improving the Agricultural Technology Extension System, optimizing technical training path, reorganizing the agricultural materials sales market and adjusting the fertilizer preferential policies to help peasant household to reduce fertilization and reduce the non-point source pollution.%利用聚类分析将黑龙江省1985—2014年的施肥情况分为四个阶段，以此为基础研究了黑龙江省化肥施用总量、结构、方式及技术的演变趋势，并引出尽管黑龙江省化肥施用强度并未超标，但化肥施用总量年增长迅速且存在利用效率低以及施肥方式传统、技术落后等问题，由此提出改进施肥方法，完善农业技术推广体系，优化技术培训路径、整顿农资销售市场、调整施肥优惠政策等对策建议来帮助农户减量化施肥以缓解化肥带来的面源污染。
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