Taking Yilong County as an example, compare and analyze the effects of returning farmland to forest on agricultural planting, grain yield, social economy, population structure and forestry ecological construction. The results show that returning farmland to forest increases agricultural cropping index, crop sown area and grain yield, adjusts planting structure, increases agricultural output and farmers income and changes population structure, increases forest coverage rate, improves the development of forestry structure.%以仪陇县为例，比较分析川东北丘陵地区实施退耕还林对农业种植、粮食产量、社会经济、人口结构和林业生态建设的影响。结果表明：退耕还增加林了农业复种指数、农作物播种面积和粮食产量，农业种植结构调整，农业产值和农民收入提高，人口结构改变，森林覆盖率提高，林业发展结构改善。
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