As a necessary step toward the quantitative predictions of macro-segregation commonly found in metal castings,classical experiments and numerical benchmarks have been used to validate a simplified binary- alloy solidification model.The model consists of fully coupled conservation equations for the transport phenomena （heat transfer,solute redistribution,and melt convection）that lead to macro-segregation in a solidifying ingot with a fixed solid phase.Simulations were performed for solidification of either a Pb-48wt.%Sn or a Sn-5wt.%Pb alloy in a rectangular cavity.The present predictions were compared with experimental data and numerical reference results reported in the literature.Subsequently,the model was applied to a numerical benchmark problem described in the literature for solidification of a Sn-10wt.%Pb alloy.Simulation results for flow velocity,liquid fraction evolution,and macro-segregation maps also were compared with literature predictions,showing similar trends.It is concluded that additional comparisons to experimental results are still required to assess more complex solidification models.
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