Ancient casting process for production of brass or bronze utensils and icons were made in hot molds using clay molded investment casting or piece mold process,as presumed by archaeologists.Piece mold process is still traditionally practiced in many parts of Eastern India and Bangladesh along with investment casting process.Incidentally,Bengal artisans are more accustomed to piece mold process unlike tribal artisans who practiced investment casting process.This piece mold casting process has been reconstructed to get the idea of metal characteristics in order to investigate ancient casting process of Bengal and Bangladesh.The characterization of ancient archaeo-metal products come to a type of cast Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb type quaternary alloy produced by a slow freezing process.Though these alloys physically differ from the traditional cast alloy of binary Cu-Zn type brass,the physical characteristics are similar to the binary cast alloy character.This investigation throws light on the similarity of the production processes by which ancient artisans probably produced cast metal products.
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