Based upon the physical modelling tests and numerical simulations of the ballast stability as conducted, we analyzed the ballast instability form and process for different parts of soft mattress under different water depth, wave and flow velocity conditions, obtained the critical instability hydrodynamic data. This paper unveils the mechanism and principal influence factors for the ballasting instability of the soft mattress, presents by derivation the calculation formulas for ballasting stability under wave and current. The results are similar to the physical modelling tests and numerical simulations.%通过开展压载稳定性物理模型试验和数值模拟计算，研究分析了软体排不同部位在不同水深、波浪、流速等条件下的压载失稳形式、过程，取得了临界失稳水动力数据，研究揭示了软体排失稳机理和主要影响因素；在此基础上，基于力学平衡原理，推导提出了波浪作用下压载稳定性计算公式，计算结果与物模和数模吻合性较好。
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