In order to improve the positioning accuracy of measuring instruments ,a self calibration method to separate the system errors of instruments was presented ,which used a measurement scale whose accuracy was less than or equal to the instrument to be calibrated as an intermediary .Several different poses were obtained through translation of the measurement scale ,then measurement data of every mark point was acquired ,and finally the system errors of the instrument were separated using the proposed self -calibration algorithm .The simulation results show that regardless of existing ran-dom measurement noise ,the algorithm can separate the system errors of the instrument effectively . Experimental research also confirms the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm .%为提高测量仪器的定位精度，采用一维自校准方法来分离仪器的系统误差。该方法利用一个精度小于或等于待校准仪器精度的辅助测量标尺，通过平移得到每个标记点在多个不同位姿时的测量数据。最后，利用自校准算法分离出仪器的系统误差，从而实现一维定位精度的自校准。仿真结果表明：无论是否有随机测量噪声，该算法都能有效地分离出仪器的系统误差。实验研究证实了该算法的有效性。
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