Land degradation ,the primary problem which threaten human survival and development ,has aroused wide attention of government ,especially the mining area land degradation which is also an academic research hotspot and policy management difficulty .In view of this ,based on the theoretical analysis ,this article select the Wuhai mining area to conduct an empirical analysis through constructing econometric models ,the results show that :① according to theoretical analysis of the results ,the western mining area land(grassland) degradation is a combination of the integrated impacts of natural environment factors (e .g . regional climate ,geomorphology ,geology ,water ,vegetation ) and human factors (e .g .mining ,population growth ,land use) ,which natural environmental changing is the external conditions and human factors are the internal reason ;②the empirical results show that the top three driving factors of grassland degradation in Wuhai mining area are coal mining and regional economic development ,water conditions and regional drought degree .The elastic coefficient and impact sensitivity are 0 .138 ,0 .016 and 0 .016 respectively ;③the thorough analysis indicates that ,the index of Wuhai mining area land degradation sort as follows according to the sensitive degree :regional GDP (- 0 .174 ) ,fixed assets investment ( - 0 .174 ) ,coal mining area (-0 .173) ,population(-0 .173) ,coal mines(-0 .158) ,sunshine duration(0 .127) ,precipitation(0 .069) , urbanization rate(-0 .059) ,average relative humidity(-0 .043)and annual average temperature(0 .031) .It is suggested that we should regulate its dominant driving factors by transforming the pattern of economic development ,optimizing the investment in fixed assets and limiting the coal mining area and yield etc ,thus reversing the increasing tendency of the mining area land(grassland) degradation .%土地退化作为威胁人类生存与发展的首要难题,一直引起政府广泛关注,尤其是矿区土地退化问题更为突出,也是学者研究热点和政策治理难点.鉴于此,本文在理论分析基础上,通过构建计量经济模型,并选择乌海矿区进行实证分析,结果表明:第一,理论分析判断,西部矿区土地(草地)退化是区域气候、地貌、地质、水资源、植被等自然环境要素和矿产开采、人口增长、土地利用等人为经济因素共同作用的产物,其中自然环境变化是其退化的外部条件,人为经济因素往往是驱动其退化的内因;第二,实证结果显示,引起乌海矿区草地退化的前三位驱动因素分别为经济发展与煤炭开采、地区水分条件、地区干旱程度,其弹性系数和影响敏感度分别为-0.138、0.016和-0.017,验证了理论上的分析判断结果;第三,深入分析发现,乌海矿区土地退化对各指标的敏感程度按大小排序依次为地区生产总值(-0.174)、固定资产投资(-0.174)、煤炭开采面积(-0.173)、人口数量(-0.173)、煤炭开采量(-0.158)、日照时数(0.127)、降水量(0.069)、城镇化率(-0.059)、平均相对湿度(-0.043)和年平均气温(0.031).由此建议,矿区土退化防治和生态修复政策创新方向,应该通过转变经济发展方式、优化固定资产投资和限制煤炭开采面积及产量等调控其主导驱动因素,从而扭转矿区土(草)地退化日益严重的态势.
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