Objective To investigate the cognition and protection chemotherapeutic drugs in medical staff to pay more attention by medical staff and reduce the occupation health damage. Methods By using a self-designed questionnaire, understanding of toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs,the environment of preparing chemotherapeutic drugs,protection tools used,the treatment of accidental exposure,the treatment of pharmaceutical waste in 80 medical staff of non cancer specialist with different professional title were investigated and analyzed. Results The cognitive rate of medical staff for survey items of was high chemotherapeutic drugs.The cognition for chemotherapeutic drugs:good cognition rate of charge nurse was 70%,and it was 55%in primary nurse,nurse was 40%,nurse students was 35%.The higher professional level the better protective action. Conclusion Medical staff are lack of understanding of toxicity of chemotherapy drugs with poor self protective consciousness and behavior in the dispensing and sewage treatment,nursing administrators should pay attention to this aspect of management.%目的：调查医护人员对化疗药物的认知与防护行为，以引起医护人员的重视，减少职业性健康损害。方法使用自行设计的调查问卷，对非肿瘤专科不同职称的80名医护人员对化疗药物毒性作用的了解情况，配制化疗药物的环境、使用的防护工具、意外暴露的处理情况、药物废弃物的处理情况进行调查和分析。结果医护人员对化疗药物的各调查项目的认知率均较高。对化疗药物的认知情况：主管护师的认知良好率为70%、护师为55%、护士为40%、护生为35%。职称越高，防护行为越好。结论医护人员对化疗药物的毒性认识不足，在配药和污物处理中自我防护意识和行为较差，护理管理者应重视对这方面的管理。
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