Diatomite was modified with aluminate coupling agent in aqueous solution which was used to prepare PVC/diatomite composites. FTIR, TG, DMA, and micro hardness tester were used to investigate and analyze the effect of the modification of diatomite on the properties of the composites. It showed that with the surface of diatomite modified, the tensile strength, non-notched impact strength, and Vickers hardness of the composites increased by 20. 1%, 4.7 %, and 23.5 %, respectively, but bending strength and modulus decreased slightly. TG showed that aluminate coupling agent had an auxiliary role of thermo-stahilization on PVC/diatomite composites. After the modification, E′, E″ and tanδ of the composites were reduced and then increased with increasing temperature, and glass transition temperature increased by 1.77℃.%采用铝酸酯偶联剂对硅藻土进行表面改性，制备了聚氯乙烯／硅藻土复合材料，利用傅里叶转换红外光谱仪、高温热重分析仪、动态热机械分析仪及显微硬度计等手段分析对比了硅藻土改性前后对聚氯乙烯热力学和动力学性能方面的影响。结果表明，硅藻土表面改性后可提高聚氯乙烯的拉伸强度、冲击强度和维氏硬度，分别提高了20．1％、4．7％和23．5％，弯曲强度和弯曲模量有所下降；铝酸酯偶联剂对聚氯乙烯具有辅助热稳定作用；硅藻土表面改性后复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和损耗因子均随温度的升高表现出先下降后又上升的变化趋势，其玻璃化转变温度向高温方向移动了1．77℃。
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