高铁列车经停比是高铁旅客运输组织的重要内容.考虑到省级政府(直辖市)、地级政府和县级政府所在城市高铁旅客出行需求的集聚特征,按照高铁车站所在城市的类别将出行需求划分为若干需求类,研究列车在不同级别车站的最优经停比.在省、地两级行政区内不同列车停站密度较均匀的约束下,构建最小化人均出行时间(包括出行时间偏差、列车停站时间和列车起停附加时间)的列车经停比优化模型,利用得到的最优经停比可获得各需求类中每个O-D对的平均服务列车数.以京沪高铁为例,优化获得列车在省、地、县三级车站的最优经停比,并与实际经停比进行比较.结果表明:随着经停比增加,人均旅行时间先快速下降后慢速增长.高铁运营企业可据此在最优经停比基础上适度增加经停比,用少量的人均旅行时间增量换取更多的服务列车;在集聚特征作用下,省级车站的列车最优经停比接近于1,地级车站的列车最优经停比随着县级车站数量所占比例的增加而增加.%Train passing-stopping ratio is an important content in the passenger traffic organization of high speed railway.Taking into account the agglomeration characteristics of passenger travel demands for high speed railway in cities where province (province-level municipality),prefecture and county levels of governments are located,the travel demands are classified into several categories according to the levels of the cities where high speed railway stations are located.The optimal passing-stopping ratios at different levels of train stations are studied.Under the constraint of the uniform stopping density for different trains in the administrative regions of province and prefecture levels,an optimization model for train passingstopping ratio is established to minimize the average travel time of passengers (including travel time deviation,train stopping time at station and train starting-stopping additional time).The obtained optimal passing-stopping ratio is adopted to calculate the average service train number of each O-D pair in each demand category.In the case study of Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway,the optimal train passing-stopping ratios of stations at province,prefecture and county levels are obtained,and are compared with the actual ones.Results show that,with the increase of passing-stopping ratio,the average travel time drops rapidly first and then increases slowly.Accordingly,high speed railway operators can appropriately increase passing-stopping ratio based on the optimal passing-stopping ratio to get more service train number with shorter travel time increment per capita.With agglomeration effect,the optimal train passing-stopping ratios of stations at province level is close to 1,while those of stations at prefecture level increase with the increase in the proportion of stations at county level.
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