形状记忆合金是近几十年发展起来的一种兼有感知和驱动功能的新型智能材料,其力学性能与材料本身的元素构成比例、马氏体相含量、应力状态和环境温度等存在着复杂的关系。笔者进行了NiTi形状记忆合金丝的温控拉伸试验,研究了超弹性形状记忆合金丝的主要力学性能,着重探讨环境温度、加载速率、应变幅值和循环加载次数等因素对超弹性形状记忆合金材料在奥氏体初始状态下加卸载循环时等效割线刚度、最大单圈循环消能能力和等效阻尼比等力学性能的影响,得到相应的变化规律。%The shape memory alloy （SMA） is a new intelligent material developed in recent decades as a combination of perception and driving functions. Its mechanical properties have a complicated relationship with material composition, martensite volume, stress state and temperature. Tensile experiments of temperature control on SMA wires are conducted. The primary mechanical properties of superelastic SMA wires are investigated with focus on the influences of such factors as environmental temperature, loading rate, strain amplitude and loading cycles on the equivalent secant stiffness, the maximum single-cycle energy dissipation capacity and the equivalent damping ration when the superelastic SMA wire is subjected to loading and unloading cycles at the initial state of austenite. The corresponding variation laws are obtained.
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