The Analysis for athletes population of the Republic of China’s structure and charac‐teristics(1912 -1937) showed that family groups formed in the Republic of sports among the social and historical background of modern China .It is China's sports undertakings in the process of modernization of an important strenth .It’s population structure exhibits the follow‐ing characteristics :regional distribution in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces ,academic structure relying on the whole movement of studying abroad in modern China ,many of them graduated from the domestic and international famous sports school ,higher level of educational back‐ground ,a reasonable age structure ,although women in a vulnerable position ,but the emergence of female sports lay the foundations for the development of Chinese woman sports .Shoulder the historic mission of national salvation ,inclusive academic style ,way to Western scholarship coherence ,integration of interdisciplinary background ,broad social impact and apply what they learn in the implementation of the overall strategy are characterized by the Republic of China gymnast group .Sports contribution to the development of Chinese modern sports mainly in promoting the upgrading of the national spirit and national sports consciousness ;promoting the integration of school physical education and modern education ,spreading the western modern sports actively ,promoting the sports science and sports personnel training and the development of Chinese woman sports .%对民国时期体育家群体结构和特征进行分析发现，民国体育家群体形成于近代中国的社会历史背景之中，是中国体育事业近代化事业进程中的一支重要的力量。其群体结构呈现出以下特征：地域分布以江、浙为主，学缘结构以近代中国的整体留学运动为依托，毕业于国内、外体育名校诸多，学历层次高，年龄结构合理，女性虽处于弱势地位，但女性体育家的出现为中国妇女体育的开展奠定了基础。肩负体育救国的历史使命，兼容并包的学术风范，融贯中西的治学理路，交叉融合的学科背景，广泛的社会影响和知行合一的实施方略是民国体育家的整体特征。民国体育家对中国近、现代体育的发展贡献主要表现在促进民族精神与国民体育意识的提升；促进学校体育与现代教育的结合，积极传播西方近代体育，推动体育科学研究和体育人才培养以及中国妇女体育运动的发展。
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