采用乳液插层法制备了黏土/天然橡胶(NR)纳米复合材料,考察了蒙脱土(MMT)、累托石(REC)2种黏土和用界面剂等量替代NR的方式对复合材料微观结构及性能的影响.结果表明,在2种纳米复合材料中,大部分MMT和REC均以纳米片层结构分散在橡胶基体中,与REC片层相比,MMT片层边界模糊且稍微有些弯曲,且层间距变化较大,所填充复合材料的Payne效应更明显.与MMT/NR纳米复合材料相比,REC/NR纳米复合材料的硫化时间稍长,定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度较高,耐磨耗性能和抗湿滑性较好,抗切割性能下降,抗拉伸疲劳性基本相当；用界面剂等量替代NR时,复合材料的物理机械性能、耐磨性和抗湿滑性得到明显提高.%Clayatural rubber ( NR) nanocomposites were prepared by emulsion intercalation. The effects of montmorillonite ( MMT) and rectorite ( REC ) and equivalent replacement of NR with interfacial agent on the microstrucure and properties of clay/NR nanocomposites were investigated. The results showed that most of the MMT and REC dispersed as nano-layer in the rubber matrix. The MMT had the blurred and slightly bent edges which was different from REC, and the layer space changed more than that of REC, besides, the Payne effect of MMT/NR nanocomposites was stronger. Compared with MMT/NR nanocomposites, the REC/NR nanocomposites exhibited long curing time; high modulus , tensile strength, tear strength; good skid resistance and abrasion resistance, but the cutting resistance decreased, and the tensile fatigue resistance of both fillers was almost the same. When the equivalent amount of NR was replaced with interfacial agent, the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and wet skid resistance of the nanocomposites improved obviously.
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