This paper summarized the research and development of fast and nondestructive fiber identification technologies in recent years. These technologies include near-infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy and image recognition technology. The four kinds of technology are fast, simple, nondestructive and environmental-friendly. Fast and nondestructive testing technologies will provide technical support for the quality supervision of related government departments, quality monitoring of textile mills and even the protection of personal interests, and will also help promote the progress of conventional textile ifber identiifcation and testing technologies.%纺织纤维成分鉴别是纤维定量分析的基础，是政府监管、工厂企业进行质量监控非常重要的一项指标。本文汇总了近些年快速、无损鉴别纺织纤维的技术研究现状，主要包括近红外光谱技术、中红外光谱技术、拉曼光谱技术和图像识别技术等4种快速、简单、不破坏样品、环保的分析方法。快速、无损检测技术的研究将为政府监管部门质量监管、工厂企业质量监控甚至个人利益维护提供技术支撑，同时也是对传统纺织纤维鉴别检测技术的推进。
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