The chemical composition, fiber characteristics, crystalline structure, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the five species of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis cv.Pachyloe, Bambusa tootisk, Arundinaia amabilis, B.vulgaris cv. Vittata, and Dendrocalamus affinis) were studied with IR, X-ray, DSC and chemical analyses. The results indicated that the benzene-ethanol extractive content of bamboo was higher than that of wood, the content of lignin and the content of pentosan were 19.1% - 25.3% and 14.9% - 22.6%, respectively. Except for Ph. edulis cv. Pachyloe, the cellulose content in the other 4 species was over 50%. The average length of fiber of D. affinis was the longest (1.861 mm). The length/ width ratio of bamboo fiber was also higher than that of wood, and it was the highest for B.tootisk, which reached 142. The results of IR and X-ray confirmed that crystalline structure of bamboo fibers was cellulose, and A. amabilis had the highest crystallinity index. The differential thermal analysis (DSC) can be one of the methods to identify various fiber materials. After steam explosive pretreatment, cellulose content of D. affinis had increased from 50.5% to 69.2%, the crystallinity index had increased and the breaking tenacity of bamboo fibers was suitable for producing textile products, indicating that steam explosion is an useful pretreatment for bamboo fibers made into composite materials and textiles.
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