目的 调查北京市月坛地区功能社区不同职业在职人员的健康状况,为制定有针对性的功能社区健康干预措施提供参考.方法 2016年3月—2017年3月,采用便利抽样法,抽取北京市西城区月坛地区5类职能单位(国家机关、医疗行业、工人企业、商业服务业、教育行业)的700例在职人员为调查对象.对所有在职人员进行一对一问卷调查,并测量身体指标、检测血生化指标,分析不同职业在职人员健康状况.结果 共发放问卷700份,回收有效问卷646份,有效回收率为92.3％.商业服务业在职人员吸烟率高于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005);商业服务业在职人员低盐饮食率高于其他职业在职人员,教育行业在职人员低盐饮食率高于国家机关、医疗行业、工人企业在职人员(P<0.005);医疗行业在职人员喜食动物内脏率高于国家机关、工人企业在职人员(P<0.005);工人企业在职人员每天吃早餐率高于其他职业在职人员(P<0.005);国家机关、教育行业在职人员规律运动率高于医疗行业、工人企业、商业服务业在职人员(P<0.005);国家机关在职人员失眠率高于教育行业在职人员(P<0.005).本次调查中慢性病患病率居前3位的分别是高血压(54例,8.4％)、骨质疏松(37例,5.7％)、高脂血症(34例,5.3％).工人企业在职人员高血压患病率高于教育行业在职人员(P<0.005);国家机关在职人员骨质疏松、外周血管疾病患病率高于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005);工人企业在职人员白内障患病率高于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005).本次调查2周患病率为3.5％(22/620);工人企业在职人员2周患病率高于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005).本次调查中72.6％(454/625)的调查对象自我健康测评"好";教育行业在职人员自我健康测评优于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005).本次调查共发现超重/肥胖者166例(25.7％)、血脂异常108例(16.7％)、中心性肥胖98例(15.2％)、糖代谢异常46例(7.1％)、血压异常37例(5.7％);国家机关在职人员血脂异常发生率高于医疗行业在职人员(P<0.005);国家机关在职人员糖代谢异常发生率高于医疗行业、教育行业在职人员(P<0.005).结论 月坛卫生服务中心需加强对功能社区人群的重视,要根据不同职业类型的生活行为习惯和健康状况,有针对性地提供以基本医疗、健康体检、慢性病管理、健康知识普及为主的健康管理服务.%Objective To investigate the health status of different occupational populations living in functional communities in Yuetan area, Beijing, in order to provide a reference for formulating targeted functional community-based health interventions.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2016 to March 2017. Using convenient sampling, we sampled 700 persons with different occupations consisting of civil servants, healthcare providers, printing workers, commercial service workers and teachers from Yuetan area, Xicheng District, Beijing. All the participants received one-to-one questionnaire survey, measurement of blood pressure, height, weight and waist, and biochemical markers. The health status of these 5 groups was analyzed.Results Of the 700 questionnaires administered, 646 responsive ones were returned with a response rate of 92.3％. Of the participants, commercial service workers had higher prevalence rate of smoking compared with healthcare providers (P<0.005);rate of eating a low-salt diet of commercial service workers was higher than that of other four groups, rate of eating a low-salt diet in teachers was higher than that of civil servants, healthcare providers and printing workers (P<0.005); healthcare providers were more likely to eat animal viscera compared with civil servants and printing workers (P<0.005); rate of eating breakfast of printing workers was higher than that of other four groups (P<0.005); civil servants and teachers exercised more regularly compared with other three groups (P<0.005); civil servants owned higher rate of insomnia than teachers (P<0.005). Among the participants, the top three chronic diseases reported were hypertension (54, 8.4％), osteoporosis (37, 5.7％) and hyperlipidemia (34, 5.3％); the prevalence rate of hypertension was higher among printing workers than that of teachers (P<0.005); civil servants had higher prevalence rates of osteoporosis and peripheral vascular disease compared with healthcare providers (P<0.005); the prevalence rate of cataract was higher among printing workers than that of healthcare providers (P<0.005). The two-week disease prevalence rate for all the participants was 3.5％ (22/620), in particular, printing workers had higher two-week disease prevalence rate than healthcare providers (P<0.005). About 72.6％(454/625)of respondents assessed their health status as "good", in particular, the self-rated health of teachers was better than that of healthcare providers (P<0.005). The survey also identified 166 cases (25.7％) of overweight / obesity, 108 cases (16.7％) of dyslipidemia, 98 cases (15.2％) of central obesity, 46 cases (7.1％) of abnormal glucose metabolism and 37 cases (5.7％) of abnormal blood pressure levels. Specifically, civil servants had higher prevalence rate of dyslipidemia than healthcare providers (P<0.005); civil servants had higher prevalence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism compared with healthcare providers and teachers (P<0.005).Conclusion Yuetan Community Health Service Center should pay more attention to the health of populations living in the functional community, and offer targeted health management services mainly composed of basic medical care, physical examination, chronic disease management, health knowledge education based on the life habit and health status of different occupational populations.
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