Cognitive impairment mainly include mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and dementia, which is manifested as decline in cognitive function, the ability of social activity and activity of daily living, and mental and behavioral symptoms in aspect of neuropsychology.Systemic diseases may cause decline in cognitive function and accelerate the progression of MCI into dementia.It is of great significance in understanding and strengthening the research on the systemic diseases that affect cognitive function to improve the quality of life of patients with cognitive impairment.Cognitive dysfunction and systemic multiple systemic diseases are closely related with complicated mechanisms, and hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure can increase the risk of cognitive impairment.Most researches of disease of respiratory system and cognitive impairment are focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.Abnormal cholesterol levels may be one of the risk factors of Alzheimer′s disease(AD);there is nonlinear relationship between glomerular filtration rate and cognitive function;dementia may be a major complication of diabetes, and some scholars even propose the concept of "type 3 diabetes".It is important for early screening of cognition impairment to select the appropriate neuropsychological assessment tools.Effective etiological treatment and comprehensive management of patients with systemic diseases may help prevent the occurrence and progression of cognition impairment.%认知功能障碍主要包括轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)和痴呆,神经心理学主要表现为认知功能下降、社会活动和日常生活能力减退以及精神行为症状.系统性疾病可导致认知功能减退,加速MCI进展为痴呆,认识并加强对影响认知功能的系统性疾病的相关研究,对改善认知功能障碍患者的生活质量有重要意义.认知功能障碍与全身多系统疾病关系密切且机制复杂,高血压、冠心病、心房颤动及心力衰竭可增加认知功能障碍发生风险;呼吸系统疾病与认知功能障碍的研究较多集中于慢性阻塞性肺疾病和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征;胆固醇水平异常可能为阿尔茨海默病(AD)的危险因素之一;肾小球滤过率与认知功能具有"非线性"关系;痴呆或许是糖尿病的一大并发症,甚至有学者提出了"3型糖尿病"的观点.选择合适的神经心理学评估工具早期筛查认知功能障碍非常重要,对系统性疾病患者进行有效的病因治疗以及综合管理可能有助于预防认知功能障碍的发生和进展.
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