目的：从知信行理论和社区参与理论视角，了解农村居民（村民）大肠癌筛查的参与意愿和行为，探讨村民大肠癌筛查参与意愿的影响因素，构建村民大肠癌筛查参与行为影响因素的理论框架图。方法于2014年3月，采用随机整群抽样法在北京市韩村河镇抽取2个村，对2个村的村民进行入户访问式问卷调查，问卷内容包括村民的基本情况、大肠癌筛查知信行情况及社区因素情况，最终确定有效问卷707份。采用描述性分析、Spearman秩相关系数、列联系数及Logistic回归分析等统计方法对数据进行统计学分析。结果707名村民中，有38.6%（273/707）知道大肠癌，10.0%（71/707）知道大肠癌筛查，2.4%（17/707）参加过大肠癌筛查，87.3%（617/707）表示时间、地点合适则愿意参加免费的大肠癌筛查；村民大肠癌及其筛查的知识得分M（Q）为0（3）分，信念得分为35（9）分。村民大肠癌筛查的知识与信念、信念与参与意愿之间存在正向弱相关（ P﹤0.05），但知识与参与意愿间的相关性无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。51.9%（367/707）的村民对社区的总体情况表示满意，47.1%（333/707）的村民很依赖社区，59.0%（417/707）的村民邻里交往很密切，69.3%（490/707）的村民非常喜欢邻里交谈，70.0%（495/707）的村民表示会主动帮助有困难的邻居。社区因素中的社区依赖、邻里交谈及邻里互助与村民大肠癌筛查参与意愿存在正相关关系（ P﹤0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，婚姻、家庭人均月收入、信念、社区依赖及邻里互助是大肠癌筛查参与意愿的影响因素。结论知识、信念及社区因素均对村民大肠癌筛查参与意愿有影响。建议以知信行理论和社区参与理论为指导，采用社区参与模式，增加村民的大肠癌筛查知识，发挥村民之间的相互影响作用，提高村民的大肠癌筛查参与率。%Objective To evaluate rural residents' willingness and behaviors of colorectal cancer screening, investigate the influencing factors of rural residents' willingness of CRC screening and build a frame diagram of these factors,on the basis of KAP theory and community involvement theory. Methods We enrolled rural residents of two randomly selected villages in Hancunhe Town,Beijing in March,2014. Cluster sampling method was used. Questionnaires were completed by the rural residents during household visits. Content of the questionnaire included basic data, KAP status in CRC screening and community condition. The number of valid questionnaires was 707. Descriptive analysis, Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis,contingency coefficient analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Of 707 rural residents, 38. 6%(273/707)knew about colorectal cancer,10. 0%(71/707)knew about CRC screening,2. 4%(17/707)received CRC screening before,87. 3%(617/707)were willing to receive CRC screening with appropriate time and place. The M( Q) of the score of knowledge about colorectal cancer and CRC screening was 0(3),and that of the score of attitude was 35(9). There was weak positive correlation ( P ﹤ 0. 05 ) between knowledge and attitude, and between attitude and participation willingness,while the correlation between knowledge and participation willingness was not statistically significant( P﹥0. 05). Among 707 rural residents,51. 9%( 367/707 )were satisfied with the general condition of community,47. 1%( 333/707 ) were dependent on community,59. 0% (417/707)thought the neighborhood association were close,69. 3% (490/707) enjoyed communicating with neighbours,and 70. 0%(495/707)were ready to help neighbors in trouble. There was positive correlation(P﹤0. 05)between the willingness of CRC screening and dependence on community,communication and mutual assistance in neighbourhood. The logistic regression analysis showed marriage,income,attitude,dependence on community and mutual assistance in neighbourhood were the influencing factors on willingness of CRC screening. Conclusion Knowledge, attitude and community factors all have influence on rural residents' willingness of CRC screening to some extent. Community involvement mode should be used with the guidance of KAP theory and community involvement theory. The knowledge of rural residents about CRC screening should be improved,and the favorable mutual effects among rural residents should be promoted, thus the rural participation rate in CRC screening could be increased.
展开▼
