Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of balloon dilatation percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)on horseshoe kidney(HSK). Methods From August 2010 to April 2013,the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University admitted 23 HSK patients. 11 patients,5 single stones,6 multiple stones,had PCNL. Before operation,patients had urinary tract ultra-sound,kidney ureter bladder(KUB),intravenous pyelography(IVP)and ureter renal CT imaging for evaluation. Ultrasound was used to guide puncture targeted calyx and balloon dilation to establish standard channels to perform ultrasound lithotripsy. Results All patients had successful punctures,10(90. 9% )used balloon dilation to establish standard channels,1(9. 1% ) succeeded in metal butterfly dilation establishing channels due to unobvious hydrops. The 5 patients with single stones cleared stones successfully,and in 6 with multiple stones,3 established dual - channels or triple - channels,2 had residual stones after operation,the stone clearance was 81. 8% . Kidney stoma tubes and ureteral stents were placed. No patients had blood transfu-sion due to bleeding during and after operations. On days 2 reviewed KUB or CT to evaluate the effects. Two patients(18. 2% ) had lithotripsy due to residual stones 1 week after operation,11 were hospitalized for 5 d averagely. After 6 - month follow - up, no long - term complications occurred. Conclusion The success rate and complication of balloon dilation PCNL in HSK are sim-ilar to those of normal kidney stones. The operation is safe with good effects. But it is very difficult to establish channels and the depth of puncture is deep due to the abnormal anatomical location of HSK.%目的：观察球囊扩张对马蹄肾结石患者治疗的临床效果。方法选取2010年8月-2013年4月河北大学附属医院泌尿外科收治的马蹄肾结石患者23例，11例患者实施球囊扩张建立经皮肾通道碎石，其中5例为单发结石，6例为多发结石。患者术前均采用泌尿系超声、尿路平片、静脉肾盂造影及肾输尿管 CT 成像检查进行评估。经超声引导穿刺目标肾盏，球囊扩张建立标准通道，行超声碎石术。结果11例患者均穿刺成功；10例（90.9%）应用球囊扩张建立标准通道，1例（9.1%）因积水不明显而改行金属蝶扩张建立通道成功；5例单发结石患者均成功清除结石；6例多发结石患者中3例建立双通道或三通道碎石，2例术后存在残余结石（结石清除率为81.8%）。患者术后均放置肾造瘘管和输尿管支架管。患者无因术中及术后出血而输血者。术后第2天复查尿路平片或 CT 评估碎石效果，2例（18.2%）患者因结石残留在术后1周行体外冲击波碎石治疗，11例患者平均住院时间为5 d。患者均随访6个月，未见有远期并发症出现。结论球囊扩张建立标准通道经皮肾镜碎石术用于治疗马蹄肾结石患者成功率和并发症情况与正常肾脏结石相似，手术安全、效果好。然而，由于马蹄肾患者肾脏解剖位置异常，下盏通道的建立非常困难，穿刺深度较正常肾脏深。
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