Myasthenia gravis( MG),a kind of autoimmune disease with neuromuscular transmission disorders,main-ly presents with fatigue of involved skeletal muscle,undulatory myasthenia,mild in the morning severe in the evening. Heart failure(HF)is a clinical syndrome due to varying heart diseases,manifesting as dyspnea,fatigue,fluid retention. Myasthenia can lead to dyspnea when involving respiratory muscles and is easy to be misdiagnosed as HF to delay rescue to cause respiratory failure and threaten patients' lives. This paper reports a case of myasthenia misdiagnosed as acute HF for 2 times to explore the standardization of diagnosis and treatment to reduce its misdiagnosis rate.%重症肌无力是一种神经肌肉接头传递功能障碍的自身免疫性疾病，主要表现为受累骨骼肌易疲劳，波动性肌无力，晨轻暮重。心力衰竭是由各种心脏疾病导致心室充盈或射血能力受损的一组临床综合征，主要表现为呼吸困难、乏力及液体潴留。重症肌无力累及呼吸肌时可导致呼吸困难，易误诊为心力衰竭，延误抢救而导致呼吸衰竭危及生命。本文报道1例两次就诊均误诊为急性心力衰竭的重症肌无力患者，探讨重症肌无力的规范化诊治手段，以降低疾病误诊率。
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