目的 探索我国人群的运动性高血压的发生情况及特征.方法 对313例非高血压者及104例高血压病患者进行踏车运动负荷试验,运动性高血压的诊断标准采用峰值收缩压(SBP)≥200 mm Hg和(或)峰值舒张压(DBP)≥95 mm Hg.对运动试验前后和试验中数据进行分析.结果 高血压人群中运动性高血压的发生率显著升高,与非高血压组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血压组峰值SBP及SBP升高幅度较非高血压组均有明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);运动过程中所达到的最大负荷量以及能够达到目标负荷的比率不存在组间差异(P＞0.05);目标心率和峰值心率不存在统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组恢复正常范围血压的时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).峰值SBP与体质量、BMI、静息SBP、静息DBP、峰值DBP、SBP变化幅度、目标负荷量、最大负荷量相关(P＜0.05).峰值DBP与体质量、BMI、静息SBP、静息DBP、峰值SBP、DBP变化幅度、最大负荷量相关(P＜0.05).峰值SBP与峰值DBP之间存在密切关系(r=0.371,R2=0.137,P＜0.05).结论 高血压患者运动性高血压的发生率明显高于非高血压者,以SBP升高为主,但仍可以完成与非高血压者相似负荷量的有氧运动;运动后的恢复时间较长.运动试验过程中,运动性高血压与体质量、静息血压水平、运动达到的负荷量相关.峰值SBP与峰值DBP之间存在密切关系.%Objective To investigate the attack condition and its characteristics of exercise hypertension ( EH ) of adults in China. Methods Totally 313 non - hypertensives and 104 hypertensive adults were examined with bicycle ergometer exercise test ( EET ). The diagnosing criterion of EH is peak systolic blood pressure ( PSBP )≥200 mm Hg and/or peak diastolic blood pressure ( PDBP ) ≥95 mm Hg. The results of exercise test were analyzed. Results Compared with the non - hypertensive group, in the hypertensive group the prevalence of EH was significantly higher ( P ＜ 0.05 ), and the values of PSBP and PDBP were also significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in maximum load and the percentage of reaching the target load between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ); there was no significantly difference in target heart rate and peak heart rate ( P＞0.05 ). PSBP was correlated with weight, BMI, rest SBP, rest DBP, change ranges of SBP and PDBP, and maximum load ( P ＜ 0.05 ). PDBP was correlated with weight, BMI, rest SBP, rest DBP, change ranges of DBP and PSBP, and maximum load ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a close correlation between PSBP and PDBP ( r = 0.371 , R2 = 0.137, P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The hypertensives have a higher prevalence of EH than non - hypertensives. However, they still can perform aerohic exercise with similar load with non - hypertensives, but with a longer period of recovery after the exercise. During the exercise test,the EH is correlated with weight, rest blood pressure and maximum load. PSBP is closely related with PDBP.
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