[目的]近年来国内大豆播种面积和产量不断下降,而进口量却不断增加, 2014年达7 140万t,是国内大豆产量的6倍.黑龙江省是我国最主要的大豆传统产区,其近年的种植结构变化导致国内大豆产量下降.[方法]通过对黑龙江省粮食作物种植结构变化特征进行统计数据分析,发现主要粮食作物呈现"两增一减"的格局:玉米和粳稻播种面积增加,大豆面积减少,且近年来大豆种植区域逐渐向黑龙江省西部集中.在此基础上,选取黑龙江省西北部的嫩江县作为研究区代表,利用遥感影像数据对其种植结构按积温带变化特征进行深入分析.[结果]研究发现: 2000年以来,研究区种植结构发生了较大变化.2000~2007年间,第四积温带大豆种植面积大幅度增加;2007~2014年第四、五积温带新兴玉米面积猛增到17.4万hm2,且有继续北扩趋势,并推动大豆北扩东移, 2014年大豆在粮食总播种面积中的比重较2000年减少27个百分点.[结论]新玉米品种的推广和作物种植比较收益是影响大豆传统产区种植结构变化的主要因素.%In recent years, domestic soybean acreage and production continuously decline, while imports have continued to increase in 2014, amounting to 7 140 million tons which is six times as the domestic soybean production.Heilongjiang is one of China′s most important traditional soybean producing areas, the crop structure changes in recent years led to the change of domestic soybean yields.Using of statistical data, this paper analyzed the changes in crop planting structure features in Heilongjiang province.The results found that corn and rice acreage increased, but soybean area decreased and gradually concentrated to the west of Heilongjiang province in recent years.In addition, taking Nenjiang county in northwest of Heilongjiang as the representative research area, this paper used the remote sensing image data to analyze the planting structure characteristics according to accumulated temperature zone.The results showed that the planting structure in the study area had greatly changed since 2000.Soybean acreage increased dramatically in the forth accumulated temperature zone in 2000-2007.Emerging corn acreage increased in the forth and fifth accumulated temperature zones in 2000-2014, and showed a tendency to northward expansion.Due to the northward and eastward expansion, the total soybean sown area decreased by 27% in 2014 compared to 2000.
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