Aiming to develop agriculture economy and promoting agricultural modernization , this paper emphatical-ly elaborated how to establish an important national agricultural resource monitoring and management system from 3 aspects, i.e., the ideological system, the theory system and institutional arrangement .Firstly, to establish an im-portant ideological system that resource consumption should be the important guidance and constraint of agricultural development.It should take natural resources as the asset management .Secondly, to establish a theory system that put forward the idea of economical and intensive recycle utilization of the agricultural resources and established a theoretical model of sustainable utilization of resources .Third, to establish a management system framework that fo -cused on the monitoring system, found out the resource baseline , established accounting system , and implemented agricultural resources evaluation and reporting system .%本文着重论述建立全国重要农业资源监测与管理制度，并从思想体系、理论体系和制度性安排进行了阐述：一是重要农业资源监测与管理的思想体系，提出资源消耗应成为农业发展的重要导向和约束，要把自然资源当作资产管理；二是重要农业资源监测与管理的理论体系，提出应研究节约集约循环利用的农业资源观，建立资源可持续利用的理论模型；三是重要农业资源监测与管理的制度框架，强调要建立重要农业资源监测体系，摸清农业资源底数，建立农业资源台账制度，开展农业资源评价和报告。
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