To find efficient, environment-friendly and low pest resistance natural mosquitocide, fumigating insecticidal activities of essential oils from Elsholtzia hunanensis, Agastache rugosus, Illicium verum and Coreopsis lanceolata against the adults of two mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, were determined. And to reveal the fumigant mechanism of essential oils against mosquitoes, effects of the four essential oils on activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and non-specific esterase (NSE) in the two mosquito species were also studied. Results showed that fumigation activities of all the four essential oils against mosquitoes were remarkable, but fumigation activities of a certain oil against the two mosquito species were different. The fumigation activity of A. rugosus oil against Ae. albopictus, with the LC50 of 26.12μg·cm−3, was higher than others. The oil from I. verum had the highest activity against Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, with the LC50 of 29.31μg·cm−3. Four essential oils up-regulated the AChE activity of the two mosquito species, and inhibited the NSE activity of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, oil of I. verum showing the highest inhibitory effect (19.79%). E. hunanensis and I. verum oil had inhibitory effect on the NSE activity of Ae. albopictus, with inhibition rates of 34.90%and 25.26%, respectively. However, oils from A. rugosus and C. lanceolata up-regulated the NSE activity of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus by 25.66% and 66.35%, respectively. The results indicate that oils of E. hunanensis and A. rugosa are potential alternatives as natural mosquitocide.%为了筛选高效、环保、低抗性的植物源灭蚊剂，揭示植物精油熏杀蚊虫的作用机理，测试了湖南香薷Elsholtzia hunanensis、藿香Agastache rugosus、八角Illicium verum和剑叶金鸡菊Coreopsis lanceolata精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus成蚊的熏杀活性及对2种蚊虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和非特异性酯酶（NSE）活性的影响。结果表明，4种植物精油对蚊虫的熏杀效果显著，但同种植物精油对2种蚊虫的熏杀活性有差异。藿香精油对白纹伊蚊的熏杀效果最好（LC50值为26.12μg·cm−3），八角精油对致倦库蚊的熏杀活性最强（LC50值为29.31μg·cm−3）。4种植物精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊体内AChE活性起诱导作用；对致倦库蚊体内NSE活性均有抑制作用，其中八角精油的酶活性抑制率最高（19.79%）。湖南香薷和八角精油对白纹伊蚊NSE活性有抑制作用，酶活性抑制率分别为34.90%和25.26%；藿香和剑叶金鸡菊精油对白纹伊蚊 NSE 活性有促进作用，酶活性增长率分别为25.66%和66.35%。综合分析4种植物精油对蚊虫的熏杀活性及对酯酶活性的影响，湖南香薷和藿香精油更适宜作为植物源灭蚊产品的备选材料。
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