Objective:To compare the outcome of laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction and open resection for rectal cancer. Methods:From June 2007 to June 2009, 46 patients with rectal cancer have been enrolled. A-mong them 16 cases underwent laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction, and 30 cases underwent open resection. The operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and rates of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistical difference in tumor size, surgical distal margin, tumor stage and numbers of resected lymph nodes between the two groups. The operative time was longer and hospital stay was shorter in laparoscopic resection group (P<0. 05). The blood loss in surgery and the rates of postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction is a safe and mini-invasive approach for rectal cancer.%目的:比较经自然腔道取出肿物的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术与开腹直肠癌根治术的疗效.方法:回顾分析2007年6月2009年6月46例直肠癌患者的临床资料.根据手术方式,将46例直肠根治术分为经自然腔道取出肿物的腹腔镜手术组(n=16)及开腹手术组(n=30).对两组手术的安全性、根治性及患者术后的恢复情况行比较.结果:两组患者的直肠肿瘤直径、切缘、肿瘤分期与清扫淋巴结数目相仿.腹腔镜手术组手术时间长,住院时间短,与传统开腹手术组相比差异有统计学意义；术中出血量及手术并发症发生率两组无明显差异.结论:经自然腔道取出肿物的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全可行.
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