Aiming at the problem of deflection and the serious stress “edge effect”of rock bit float‐ing‐ring journal bearings ,a new type of elastic spherical floating‐ring journal bearings was de‐signed .Through the finite element method ,the spherical and plane rock bit floating‐ring journal bearing's mechanical properties were comparatively analyzed .The effect of intermediate modifica‐tion on four groove shape of rectangular ,oval ,round and triangle to the spherical floating‐ring bearings inside and outside contact stress was studied ,and then the slot size was optimized .The results showed that :the mechanical properties of spherical floating‐ring journal bearings were better than the plane floating‐ring journal bearings ,but there were serious stress “edge effect”of the two kinds of floating‐ring journal bearings ;the intermediate modification method could effec‐tively improve the stress “edge effect” of floating‐ring journal bearings .The circular groove was the most effective shape and it was easy to be manufactured .When the radius of circular groove R=0 .6 mm ,the radio of distance from center of the circle to the inside and outside of surface was a/b=19/21 ,the maximum equivalent stress value difference between inner and outer contact line was reduced to 8 .91 MPa ,33 .3% lower than before .The new design prevents the floating‐ring journal bearing occurring fatigue failure too early .%针对现有牙轮钻头浮动套轴承存在的偏转问题和严重应力“边缘效应”，设计了一种新型的弹性球面浮动套轴承．通过有限元方法对球面和平面浮动套的力学性能进行对比分析，并研究了矩形、椭圆形、圆形、三角形四种槽的中间修形对球面浮动套内外接触线上等效应力影响，优化了槽的尺寸．结果表明：球面浮动套的力学性能优于平面浮动套，但2种浮动套都存在严重的应力“边缘效应”；通过中间修形有效改善了浮动套应力“边缘效应”，其中圆形槽的效果最好且便于加工；当圆形槽半径 R＝0.6 mm、圆心到内外表面的距离比 a／b＝19／21时，内外接触线上的最大等效应力之差减小到8.91 M Pa ，较优化前降低33.3％，减缓轴承局部过早发生疲劳失效．
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